● What Is Gymnema Sylvestre Extract ?
Gymnema sylvestre is a vine of the Apocynaceae family, widely distributed in subtropical regions such as Guangxi and Yunnan in China. Traditional medicinal uses are mainly concentrated on its leaves, which are used to lower blood sugar, prevent tooth decay and inhibit sweet taste reactions. However, recent studies have found that its stem resources are also rich in active ingredients, and the reserves are more than 10 times that of the leaves. Through the systematic solvent separation method, the n-butanol and 95% ethanol parts of the stem extracts showed similar UV spectra and thin-layer chromatography characteristics to the leaves, indicating that the active ingredients of the two are highly consistent. This discovery provides key support for expanding drug sources and reducing development costs.
The chemical composition of Gymnema sylvestre extract is complex and diverse, mainly including:
Cyclols and steroids: Conduritol A, as the core hypoglycemic component, can promote glycogen synthesis; stigmasterol and its glucoside have anti-inflammatory regulatory effects;
Saponin compounds: In 2020, eight new C21 steroidal saponins (gymsylvestrosides A-H) were isolated for the first time, and their structures contain glucuronic acid and rhamnose units, giving them unique biological activity;
Synergistic components: long-chain alkanols such as lupine cinnamyl ester and n-heptadecanol enhance antioxidant capacity by scavenging free radicals.
It is worth noting that the purity of stem saponins can reach more than 90%, and large-scale purification can be achieved through ethanol recrystallization technology, avoiding the use of toxic solvents such as chloroform.
● What Are The Benefits Of Gymnema Sylvestre Extract ?
1. Diabetes Management
Pharmacological studies have shown that the stem ethanol extract can reduce blood sugar levels by 30%-40% in alloxan diabetic mice, and the mechanism of action shows multi-pathway synergy:
Islet protection: repair damaged β cells and increase insulin secretion;
Glucose metabolism regulation: promote liver glycogen synthesis and inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase activity (although the inhibition rate of monomer saponin is only 4.9%-9.5%, the synergistic effect of the whole extract is significant);
Oxidative stress intervention: reduce lipid peroxide levels and increase superoxide dismutase activity.
2. Neuroprotection
A study published in Scientific Reports in 2025 revealed the potential of Gymnema sylvestre extract in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD):
Targeting key AD proteins: metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and bamipine have high binding affinity with β-secretase (BACE1) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), reducing β-amyloid deposition;
Neural pathway regulation: by activating the cAMP/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, increasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expression, while reducing acetylcholinesterase activity, and improving synaptic transmission;
Cell experiment verification: In the Aβ42-induced neural cell model, the extract reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 40% and the apoptosis rate by more than 50%.
● What Are The Application Of Gymnema Sylvestre Extract ?
Pharmaceutical development: Guangxi Guilin Jiqi Company has used total saponins of Gymnema sylvestre (purity 98.2%) for the development of diabetic preparations1; the Indian research team is advancing the preclinical trials of its neuroprotective extracts;
Healthy food: leaf extracts are used as natural sweetness inhibitors for sugar-free foods; stem ethanol extracts are developed as functional beverages for regulating blood sugar;
Agricultural applications: low-purity crude extracts are used as plant-based insecticides, targeting the nervous system of arthropods and having degradable properties.
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Post time: Jul-21-2025
