●What Is Sclareol ?
Sclareol, chemical name (1R,2R,8aS)-decahydro-1-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-pentenyl)-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-2-naphthol, molecular formula C₂₀H₃₆O₂, molecular weight 308.29-308.50, CAS number 515-03-7. It is a bicyclic diterpenoid compound, with the appearance of white crystalline powder, melting point 95-105℃, boiling point 398.3℃, insoluble in water, and easily soluble in organic solvents. Its core characteristic is that it has a long-lasting aroma similar to ambergris, with delicate smell and strong diffusion, making it an ideal raw material for high-end perfumes.
The natural source is mainly the inflorescence and stems and leaves of the Lamiaceae plant Salvia Sclarea L., which is cultivated on a large scale in high-altitude mountainous areas such as northern Shaanxi and Honghe, Yunnan, China. Due to the large temperature difference between day and night and suitable humidity, the clarysol in these producing areas is of high purity and pure aroma.
There are several main methods for synthesizing sclareol:
1. Chemical synthesis
Generally, sclareol extract is used as the raw material for extraction and purification. The sclareol residue after oil extraction is dissolved in ethanol, and sclareol is precipitated in the form of white needles after low-temperature freezing, filtration, activated carbon treatment, dilution and other steps. After centrifugal dehydration, vacuum drying, crushing and screening, sclareol with a high alcohol content can be obtained.
2. Biosynthesis
Construction of a brewer's yeast cell factory: In the study, the two synthases TPS and LPPs in sage were first fused to the yeast gene, which effectively increased the production of sclareol. Then the N-terminus of TPS-LPPS was connected to a part of the maltose binding protein to further improve the stability of the enzyme and increase the yield again. Then, the research team divided the entire metabolic pathway into three modules: the central metabolic pathway for supplying acetyl coenzyme A, the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway and the regulatory factor module for system transformation. By in situ restoration and deletion of some related genes, a chassis strain that can efficiently supply acetyl-CoA and NADPH was constructed, and the yield of sclareol was further improved by overexpressing some genes. Finally, the effect of each module on the synthesis of sclareol was analyzed through the metabolic profile of the engineered strain, and it was found that the three modules had a synergistic effect. Fed-batch fermentation was carried out in shake flasks and bioreactors, and finally sclareol was efficiently synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using glucose as the raw material, with a yield of 11.4 g/L.
● What Are The Benefits Of Sclareol ?
Recent studies have revealed the multi-dimensional biological activity of sclareol, especially in the field of central nervous system diseases:
1. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective:
Inhibits excessive activation of microglia, reduces the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β, relieves movement disorders in Parkinson's model mice, and protects dopamine neurons;
Improve cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models. A dose of 50-200mg/(kg·d) can inhibit the activation of astrocytes in the brain and reduce the deposition of β-amyloid protein.
2. Anticancer activity:
It has strong cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines such as mouse leukemia (P-388) and human epidermal carcinoma (KB), and inhibits tumor proliferation by inducing apoptosis.
3. Antibacterial and antioxidant:
It has a broad spectrum of inhibition of bacterial growth, and its antioxidant efficiency is 50 times that of vitamin E, which is suitable for wound dressings and anti-aging skin care products.
● What Are The Application Of Sclareol ?
1. Flavor and fragrance industry:
As the core raw material for the synthesis of ambergris, it replaces the natural ambergris from endangered sperm whales. A small amount is directly used in high-end perfumes to give the fragrance a lasting and layered feel.
2. Pharmaceutical research and development:
Alzheimer's disease/Parkinson's disease drugs: oral capsules or injections have entered preclinical research, targeting the inhibition of neuroinflammation;
Anti-cancer adjuvant therapy: combined with chemotherapy drugs to enhance tumor cell killing.
3. Cosmetics and food:
Anti-aging skin care products: add 0.5%-2% to inhibit photoaging and reduce ultraviolet erythema;
Natural preservatives: used in oily foods to extend the shelf life, and are safer than chemical synthetic products.
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Post time: Jun-25-2025
