I-Ivermectin: Isidakamizwa esisha se-Antiparasite

●Yini? Ivermectin?

Ivermectin iyi-semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic etholakala ukuvutshelwa kanye nokuhlanzwa Streptomyces avermitilis. Ngokuyinhloko iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: i-B1a (≥80%) ne-B1b (≤20%). Ifomula yayo yamangqamuzana ithi C48H74O14, isisindo samangqamuzana ngu-875.09, futhi inombolo ye-CAS ithi 70288-86-7.

Ngo-2015, abavundulula uWilliam C. Campbell noSatoshi Omura bawina uMklomelo KaNobel kuPhysiology noma Medicine ngeqhaza labo elikhulu ekulweni nobumpumputhe bomfula kanye ne-elephantiasis.

Izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali

Izakhiwo: i-crystalline powder emhlophe noma ekhanyayo, engenaphunga;

Ukunyibilika: kuncibilika kalula kuzincibilikisi zemvelo ezifana ne-methanol, i-ethanol, i-acetone, futhi cishe engancibiliki emanzini (ukuncibilika cishe ku-4μg/mL);

Ukuzinza: akulula ukubola ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa kulula ukuwohloka ekukhanyeni, kudinga ukugcinwa endaweni evaliwe futhi engenakukhanya, futhi ukugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kudinga indawo yokushisa ephansi engu-2-8℃;

●ZiyiniIzinzuzoKwe Ivermectin ?

I-Ivermectin ihlasela i-parasite nervous system ngokunembile ngezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ikhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter ye-inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwesignali yezinzwa;

2. Ivula iziteshi ze-ion ze-glutamate-gated chloride ukuze zenze i-hyperpolarization kanye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-parasite.

Ukusebenza kahle kwayo ekubulaleni ama-nematodes (njengezikelemu nama-hookworms) kanye nama-arthropods (njengezibungu, imikhaza, nezintwala) kuphezulu ngendlela efinyelela ku-94% -100%, kodwa ayisebenzi ngokumelene nezikelemu kanye ne-flukes.

●ZiyiniIsiceloOf Ivermectin?

1. Inkambu yodokotela wezilwane (umehluko onembile womthamo)

Izinkomo / izimvu: 0.2mg/kg (umjovo we-subcutaneous noma ukuphathwa komlomo), ingaqeda i-nematodes yamathumbu, i-lung filaria kanye notwayi ebusweni bomzimba;

Izingulube: 0.3mg/kg (umjovo we-intramuscular), izinga lokulawula izikelemu kanye notwayi licishe libe yi-100%;

Izinja namakati: 6-12μg/kg ukuvimbela nokwelapha izikelemu zenhliziyo, 200μg/kg ukubulala izimbuzane ezindlebeni;

Inkukhu: 200-300μg/kg (ukuphatha ngomlomo) iyasebenza ngokumelene nezikelemu zezinkukhu kanye nezibungu zamadolo.

2. Ukwelashwa kwabantu

Ivermectinumuthi oyisisekelo weNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba, osetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi:

I-Onchocerciasis (ubumpumputhe bomfula): 0.15-0.2mg/kg umthamo owodwa, izinga lokususa i-microfilariae lidlula ama-90%;

I-Stregostrongyloidiasis: 0.2mg/kg umthamo owodwa;

Izifo ze-Ascaris kanye ne-whipworm: 0.05-0.4mg/kg ukwelashwa kwesikhashana.

3. Izibulala-zinambuzane zezolimo

Njengesibulala-zinambuzane se-bio-source, sisetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu zezitshalo, amabhu e-diamondback, abavukuzi bamaqabunga, njll., futhi inezici eziphansi zezinsalela.

●Ukuphepha Nezinselele

Ivermectinkuphephile uma kuqhathaniswa ezilwaneni ezincelisayo (kunzima ukungena emgodleni wegazi nobuchopho), kodwa kusekhona ukungqubuzana:

Ukusabela okubi: Ngezinye izikhathi ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqubuka, ukwanda kwesikhashana kwama-enzyme esibindi, kanye nemithamo ephezulu kungabangela i-ataxia;

Umehluko wokuzwela kwezinhlobo: Izinja ezilusayo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinja zingase zibe ne-neurotoxicity enzima;

Ubuthi bokuzala: Ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kubonisa ukuthi imithamo ephezulu inengozi ye-teratogenicity (ulwanga oluvulekile, ukukhubazeka kozipho).

Inkinga yomhlaba wonke yokumelana nezimuncagazi iya ngokuya iba nkulu. Ucwaningo lwe-2024 lubonise ukuthi inhlanganisela ye-ivermectin ne-albendazole ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngokumelene ne-filariasis. Izinkampani eziningi ezithaka imithi emhlabeni jikelele zigqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezidakamizwa, kanti ubumsulwa bufinyelele ku-99%.

● Ikhwalithi Ephezulu Yokunikezela Ngezinto EzintshaIvermectinImpushana