I-Chitosan: Izinzuzo, Izicelo nokuningi

•Yini I-Chitosan?

I-Chitosan(CS) iyi-polysaccharide yemvelo yesibili ngobukhulu, ekhishwa ikakhulukazi emagobolondweni ezilwane ezihlala oqoqweni ezifana nezimfanzi nenkalankala. I-chitin yayo eyisisekelo ifinyelela ku-27% wemfucumfucu kanye nemfucuza yezinkalankala, futhi umkhiqizo womhlaba wonke udlula amathani ayizigidi eziyi-13. Ukukhishwa kwendabuko kudinga izinqubo ezintathu: i-acid leaching decalcification (ukuncibilika kwe-calcium carbonate), ukubilisa kwe-alkaline ukuze kukhishwe amaprotheni, kanye ne-40-50% ye-alkali deacetylation egxilile, futhi ekugcineni ithole okuqinile okumhlophe nge-deacetylation degree engaphezu kuka-70%.

Ukuphumelela eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthuthukiswa kwe-chitosan fungal: i-chitosan ekhishwe kusikhunta njenge-Ganoderma lucidum ngendlela ye-enzymatic ine-deacetylation degree engaphezu kuka-85%, isisindo samangqamuzana angu-1/3 kuphela walokho okuvela ezimfanzi nase-crab (cishe 8-66kDa), futhi ayiqukethe amaprotheni e-allergenic, futhi i-cell allergenic ingcono kakhulu. Ithimba le-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences liqinisekise ukuthi indlela yokukhipha i-fungus-chitosan hybrid ingalawula ukuchezuka kwesisindo samangqamuzana phakathi kuka-±5%, ixazulule inkinga yokuguquguquka kwesizini ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zasolwandle.

•Iziphi Izinzuzo ZazoI-Chitosan ?

Ukuncintisana okuyinhloko kwe-chitosan kuvela emaqenjini amahhala e-amino kanye ne-hydroxyl kuketango layo lamangqamuzana, akha “ibhokisi lamathuluzi lamangqamuzana” eliyingqayizivele:

Ukuphendula Okukhaliphile:i-amino protonation ivumela i-chitosan ukuthi incibilike endaweni ene-acidic, ifinyelele ukukhululwa okulawulwa yi-pH (njengokukhishwa kahle kwesidakamizwa esilwa nomdlavuza i-doxorubicin ku-pH 5.0 ku-tumor microenvironment izikhathi ezingu-7.3 kunezemvelo yomzimba);

I-Biological Adhesion:ukukhokhiswa okuhle kuhlanganisa nokukhokhiswa okungalungile kwe-mucosa ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcinwa kwesidakamizwa emgodini womlomo kanye nomgudu wamathumbu, futhi ukunamathela kwe-mucosal kukhuphuka izikhathi ezingu-3 ngemva kokuguqulwa kwe-thiolation;

I-Ecological Synergy:I-Chitosan ingonakaliswa ngokuphelele i-lysozyme (isampula ephezulu ye-deacetylation ilahlekelwa isisindo esingama-78% emahoreni angama-72), futhi imikhiqizo yokuwohloka ibamba iqhaza kumjikelezo wekhabhoni ne-nitrogen emhlabathini.

I-Antibacterial Mechanism Igqame Ikakhulukazi:I-chitosan enesisindo esiphansi samangqamuzana ibhubhisa ubuqotho bolwelwesi lwebhaktheriya, futhi ububanzi bendawo yokuvimbela i-Escherichia coli ne-Staphylococcus aureus ingu-13.5mm; amandla ayo e-antioxidant angakwazi futhi ukunciphisa umoya-mpilo osebenzayo okhiqizwa ukucindezeleka kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-malondialdehyde yesipinashi esiphathwe nge-chlorpyrifos ngo-40%.

•Yini Isicelo SeI-Chitosan?

1. I-Biomedicine: Kusukela ku-Sutures Kuya Ku-Mrna Vaccine Guardian

Uhlelo lokulethwa okuhlakaniphile: Ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwe-CS/pDNA nanocomplex ngama-oda angu-2 wobukhulu obuphezulu kunalawo we-liposomes, okuba intandokazi entsha yabathwali bofuzo abangenalo igciwane;

Ukulungiswa kwamanxeba: Ijeli ehlanganisiwe ye-Ganoderma lucidum chitosan-glucan ifinyeza isikhathi sokuhlangana ngo-50%, futhi isakhiwo se-porous esinezinhlangothi ezintathu sisheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu ze-granulation;

Ukuzinza komgomo: I-Chitosan eyisivikelo esomisiwe esiqandisiwe yenza izinga lokugcinwa komsebenzi wokugomela i-mRNA lidlule ama-90% ekamelweni lokushisa, kuxazululwe inkinga yokuhamba ngeketango elibandayo.

2. Ukulima Okuluhlaza: Ukhiye Wezemvelo Wokunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Komanyolo

I-Chitosan-coated controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) andisa ukusebenza kahle ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu:

Ukukhishwa okuhlosiwe: I-Graphene oxide/chitosan nanofilms iqhubeka ikhipha i-nitrogen izinsuku ezingu-60 enhlabathini ene-asidi, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa liphakeme ngo-40% kunele-urea ehlanganiswe nesulfure;

Ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo: Ukugqugquzela izitshalo ukuba zihlanganise i-chitinase, isivuno sikatamatisi sikhuphuke ngo-22%, kuyilapho kunciphisa izinga lokukhiqizwa kwe-O₂⁻;

Ukuthuthukiswa komhlabathi: Khulisa okuqukethwe kwe-organic matter izikhathi ezingu-1.8, wandise imiphakathi ye-actinomycete izikhathi ezi-3, futhi unciphise ngokuphelele phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-60 ngaphandle kokusala.

3. Ukupakishwa Kokudla: I-Preservation Revolution Of Insect Protein Composite Film

Ithimba elisungula izinto ezintsha le-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences lihlangenei-chitosanngeprotheyini yezikelemu zokudla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-propolis ethanol elayishiwe:

Izakhiwo zemishini: amandla okuqina akhuphuka ngo-200%, futhi umgoqo womhwamuko wamanzi wafinyelela ku-90% wamafilimu asekelwe ku-petroleum;

Umsebenzi we-antibacterial: izinga le-antibacterial of strawberry spoilage bacteria lidlule ama-99%, impilo yeshalofu yandiswa yaba yizinsuku eziyi-14, futhi izinga lokubola kwe-biodegradation laliyi-100%.

4. Ukuphrinta Kwendwangu Nokudaya: Isixazululo Semvelo Se-Antistatic Polyester

Ngokwelashwa kokunciphisa i-alkali, kwakheka imigodi namaqembu e-carboxyl endaweni ye-polyester. Ngemuva kokuthi i-chitosan ixhunyaniswe ne-tartaric acid:

I-antistatic yaphakade: ukumelana nokuqina kwehlisiwe kusuka ku-10¹²Ω kuya ku-10⁴Ω, futhi ukubuyiswa komswakama kuhlala ku-6.56% ngemva kokugeza okungu-30;

I-adsorption ye-Heavy metal: Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Cu²⁰ chelation ekuphrinteni nasekudayeni amanzi angcolile kungu->90%, futhi izindleko zingu-1/3 we-synthetic resin.

•Ikhwalithi Entsha Yokunikezela Ngekhwalithi ephezuluI-ChitosanImpushana