Ivermectin: Iyeza elitsha le-Antiparasite

●Yintoni i Ivermectin?

Ivermectin yi-semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic ephuma kwi-fermentation kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwe-Streptomyces avermitilis. Ikakhulu iqulethe amacandelo amabini: i-B1a (≥80%) kunye ne-B1b (≤20%). Ifomula yayo ye-molecular yi-C48H74O14, ubunzima be-molecular yi-875.09, kunye nenombolo ye-CAS yi-70288-86-7.

Ngo-2015, abafumani uWilliam C. Campbell kunye noSatoshi Omura baphumelele iBhaso leNobel kwiPhysiology okanye iMedicine ngegalelo labo eliphumelelayo ekulweni nobumfama bomlambo kunye ne-elephantiasis.

Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali

Iipropati: umgubo wekristale omhlophe okanye okhanyayo, ongenavumba;

Ukunyibilika: ukunyibilika ngokulula kwi-solvents ye-organic efana ne-methanol, i-ethanol, i-acetone, kwaye phantse i-soluble emanzini (i-solubility malunga ne-4μg / mL);

Ukuzinza: akulula ukubola kwiqondo lokushisa, kodwa kulula ukuthotywa ekukhanyeni, kufuneka kugcinwe kwindawo etywiniweyo kunye nokukhanya, kunye nokugcinwa kwexesha elide kufuna indawo yokushisa ephantsi kwe-2-8 ℃;

●Yintoni naIingeneloKwe Ivermectin ?

Ivermectin ihlasela i-parasite nervous system ngokuchanekileyo ngeendlela ezimbini:

1. Ukukhuthaza ukukhululwa kwe-neurotransmitter ye-inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ukuvala ukuhanjiswa kwesignali ye-nerve;

2. Ivula i-glutamate-gated chloride ion channels ukuze ibangele i-hyperpolarization kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ye-parasite.

Ukusebenza kwayo ekubulaleni i-nematodes (ezifana neentshulube ezingqukuva kunye ne-hookworms) kunye ne-arthropods (ezifana namangolwane, amakhalane kunye neentwala) ziphezulu ukuya kuma-94% -100%, kodwa ayisebenzi kwi tapeworms kunye ne-flukes.

●Yintoni naIsiceloOf Ivermectin?

1. Indawo yonyango lwezilwanyana (umahluko wedosi echanekileyo)

Iinkomo / iigusha: 0.2mg / kg (i-injection subcutaneous okanye ulawulo lomlomo), inokuphelisa i-nematodes yamathumbu, i-lung filaria kunye ne-scabies ebusweni bomzimba;

Iihagu: 0.3mg/kg (inaliti ye-intramuscular), izinga lokulawula iintshulube ezijikelezayo kunye nokhwekhwe liphantse libe yi-100%;

Izinja kunye neekati: 6-12μg / kg ukukhusela kunye nokunyanga i-heartworms, 200μg / kg ukubulala ama-ear mites;

Inkukhu: 200-300μg/kg (ulawulo lomlomo) lusebenza ngokuchasene neentshulube zenkukhu kunye namangolwane.

2. Unyango lomntu

Ivermectinlichiza elisisiseko loMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi, ikakhulu lisetyenziselwa:

I-Onchocerciasis (ukungaboni komlambo): i-0.15-0.2mg / kg idosi enye, i-microfilariae clearance rate idlula i-90%;

Stregostrongyloidiasis: 0.2mg / kg umthamo omnye;

I-Ascaris kunye nosulelo lwe-whipworm: 0.05-0.4mg / kg unyango lwexesha elifutshane.

3. Amayeza ezolimo

Njengesitshabalalisi se-bio-source, sisetyenziselwa ukulawula iintwala zezityalo, amanundu e-diamondback, abembi bemigodi yamagqabi, njalo njalo, kwaye ineempawu ezisezantsi zentsalela.

●Ukhuseleko kunye nemingeni

IvermectinIkhuselekile ngokwentelekiso kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo (kunzima ukungena kumqobo wobuchopho begazi), kodwa kusekho ukuchasana:

Ukuphendula okungalunganga: Ngamaxesha athile intloko ebuhlungu, irhashalala, ukwanda okwethutyana kwi-enzyme yesibindi, kunye needosi eziphezulu zinokubangela i-ataxia;

Umahluko wobuntununtunu beentlobo: Izinja zomalusi kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinja zinokuba ne-neurotoxicity enzima;

Ityhefu ekuzaleni: Imifuniselo yezilwanyana ibonisa ukuba iidosi eziphezulu zinomngcipheko we-teratogenicity (inkalakahla ecandekileyo, uzipholo).

Ingxaki yehlabathi yokuxhathisa izifunxi-gazi iya isiba mandundu ngakumbi. Ucwaningo lwe-2024 lubonise ukuba ukudibanisa ivermectin kunye ne-albendazole kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-filariasis. Iinkampani ezininzi ezixuba amayeza kwihlabathi jikelele zikhuthaza ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe bamachiza ezinto ezibonakalayo, kwaye ubunyulu bufikelele kuma-99%.

● Unikezelo OLUTSHA Umgangatho ophezuluIvermectinUmgubo