Chitosan: Izibonelelo, izicelo kunye nokunye

•Yintoni i Chitosan?

Chitosan(CS) yipolysaccharide yesibini ngobukhulu ngokwendalo, ikakhulu itsalwa kumaqokobhe eekhrastaceans ezifana ne-shrimp kunye noononkala. Isiseko sayo se-chitin se-chitin sifikelela kwi-27% yemfucumfucu kunye nenkunkuma yokulungisa unonkala, kwaye imveliso yonyaka yehlabathi idlula i-13 yezigidi zeetoni. Utsalo lwemveli lufuna iinkqubo ezintathu: i-acid leaching decalcification (i-dissolving calcium carbonate), i-alkaline ebilayo ukuze isuse iprotheni, kunye ne-40-50% egxininisekile ye-alkali deacetylation, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumane isiqina esimhlophe kunye ne-deacetylation degree engaphezu kwe-70%.

Ukuphumelela kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukuphuhliswa kwe-chitosan ye-fungal: i-chitosan ekhutshwe kwi-fungi efana ne-Ganoderma lucidum ngendlela ye-enzymatic ine-deacetylation degree ngaphezu kwe-85%, ubunzima be-molecular of 1/3 kuphela ukusuka kwi-shrimp kunye ne-crab (malunga ne-8-66kDa), kwaye ayiqulathanga iprotheni ye-allergenic, kunye ne-cellic allergenic, kunye ne-cell allergenic . Iqela le-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences liqinisekisile ukuba i-fungus-chitosan hybrid extraction method inokulawula ukuphambuka kobunzima bemolekyuli ngaphakathi kwe ± 5%, ukusombulula ingxaki yokuguquguquka kwexesha elithile kwizinto eziluhlaza zaselwandle.

•Ziziphi iiNzuzoChitosan ?

Olona khuphiswano lwe-chitosan luvela kumaqela asimahla e-amino kunye ne-hydroxyl kwikhonkco lemolekyuli, esenza "ibhokisi yesixhobo semolekyuli" ekhethekileyo:

Ukuphendula ngoBukrelekrele:i-amino protonation ivumela i-chitosan ukuba inyibilike kwindawo ene-acidic, ifezekise ukukhululwa okulawulwa yi-pH (njengokukhupha ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-anticancer drug doxorubicin kwi-pH 5.0 kwi-tumor microenvironment yi-7.3 amaxesha e-physiological environment);

Ukuncamathela kwebhayoloji:intlawulo emihle idibanisa nentlawulo embi ye-mucosa ukwandisa ixesha lokugcinwa kweyeza kwisigxina somlomo kunye nesisu somzimba, kunye nokunamathela kwe-mucosal kwanda ngamaxesha angama-3 emva kokuguqulwa kwe-thiolation;

I-Ecological Synergy:I-Chitosan inokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo yi-lysozyme (isampulu ephezulu ye-deacetylation ilahlekelwa ngu-78% ubunzima kwiiyure ezingama-72), kunye neemveliso zokunciphisa inxaxheba kumjikelezo wekhabhoni kunye ne-nitrogen yomhlaba.

I-Antibacterial Mechanism ibalasele ngakumbi:I-chitosan ephantsi ye-molecular weight iyonakalisa ingqibelelo yeembrane zebhaktheriya, kwaye ububanzi bendawo yokuthintela i-Escherichia coli kunye ne-Staphylococcus aureus yi-13.5mm; amandla ayo okulwa ne-antioxidant nawo anokuthomalalisa ioksijini esebenzayo eveliswa luxinzelelo lwe-pesticide, ukunciphisa umxholo we-malondialdehyde wesipinatshi esiphathwe nge-chlorpyrifos nge-40%.

•Siyintoni iSicelo seChitosan?

1. I-Biomedicine: Ukusuka kwi-Sutures ukuya kwi-Mrna Vaccine Guardian

Inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwengqondo: Ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwe-CS / pDNA nanocomplex yimiyalelo ye-2 yobukhulu obuphezulu kune-liposomes, ibe yintandokazi entsha ye-non-viral gene carriers;

Ukulungiswa kwesilonda: I-gel ye-Ganoderma lucidum chitosan-glucan composite inciphisa ixesha lokudibanisa nge-50%, kunye ne-three-dimensional porous structure ikhawuleza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu ze-granulation;

Uzinzo lwesitofu sokugonya: Iarhente ekhuselayo eyomisiweyo yeChitosan yenza ukuba izinga lokugcinwa kwemisebenzi yesitofu sokugonya se-mRNA lidlule i-90% kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, kusonjululwe ingxaki yothutho lwekhonkco elibandayo.

2. I-Green Agriculture: Isitshixo se-Ecology ekucutheni ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso

ChitosanIzichumisi ezikhutshiweyo ezigqunyiweyo (CRFs) zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle ngeendlela ezintathu:

Ukukhutshwa okujoliswe kuko: I-Graphene oxide/chitosan nanofilms iqhubeka ikhupha initrogen kangangeentsuku ezingama-60 kumhlaba oneasidi, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa liphezulu nge-40% kunelo le-urea enesalfure;

Ukumelana noxinzelelo lwezityalo: Ukunyanzelwa kwezityalo ukuba zidibanise i-chitinase, isivuno se-tomato sinyuke nge-22%, ngelixa sinciphisa izinga lemveliso ye-O₂⁻;

Ukuphuculwa komhlaba: Yandisa isiqulatho se-organic matter ngamaxesha ka-1.8, ukwandisa uluntu lwe-actinomycete ngamaxesha ama-3, kwaye uthobe ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba seentsuku ezingama-60 ngaphandle kwentsalela.

3. Ukupakishwa kokuTya: ULondolozo lweNguquko yeSinambuzane seProtein Composite Film

Iqela elisungulayo leZiko leeNzululwazi zezoLimo laseTshayina lidityanisiwechitosanngeprotein yeentshulube zokutya kunye nepropolis elayishiweyo ye-ethanol extract:

Iimpawu zomatshini: amandla okuqina anyuke nge-200%, kwaye umqobo womphunga wamanzi ufikelele kwi-90% yeefilimu ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum;

Umsebenzi we-Antibacterial: izinga lokulwa neebhaktheriya zokubola kwe-strawberry ligqithile kwi-99%, ubomi beshelufu bandiswa ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-14, kwaye izinga lokubola kwe-biodegradation laliyi-100%.

4. Ukuprintwa kweTela kunye nokuDaya: Isisombululo seNdalo kwi-Antistatic Polyester

Ngonyango lokunciphisa i-alkali, imigodi kunye namaqela e-carboxyl ayenziwa kumphezulu we-polyester. Emva kokuba i-chitosan idibene ne-tartaric acid:

I-antistatic esisigxina: ukuxhathisa kuncitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-10¹²Ω ukuya kwi-10⁴Ω, kwaye ukufuma kwakhona kusala kwi-6.56% emva kokuhlamba okungama-30;

I-adsorption yentsimbi enzima: Cu²⁰ ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-chelation ekushicileleni nasekudayeni amanzi amdaka yi->90%, kwaye ixabiso yi-1/3 yeresin eyenziweyo.

•Unikezelo OLUTSHA UMgangatho ophezuluChitosanUmgubo