Chitosan: Mabhenefiti, Zvishandiso uye Zvimwe

•Chii Chitosan?

Chitosan(CS) ndiyo yechipiri yakakura yepolysaccharide yechisikigo muchisikigo, inonyanya kutorwa kubva mumatehwe emakarustaceans akadai seshrimp negakanje. Yayo yekutanga mbishi chitin inosvika makumi maviri nenomwe muzana ye shrimp uye gakanje kugadzirisa tsvina, uye kuburitswa kwepagore kwepasirese kunodarika 13 miriyoni matani. Traditional extraction inoda maitiro matatu: acid leaching decalcification (dissolving calcium carbonate), alkaline kufashaira kubvisa mapuroteni, uye 40-50% concentrated alkali deacetylation, uye pakupedzisira anowana chena yakasimba ine deacetylation dhigirii inopfuura 70%.

Kubudirira mumakore achangopfuura ndiko kukura kwefungal chitosan: chitosan yakabviswa kubva kune fungi seGanoderma lucidum ne enzymatic nzira ine deacetylation dhigirii inopfuura 85%, molecular uremu hwe 1/3 chete yeiyo kubva kune shrimp negakanje (inenge 8-66kDa), uye haina kuvandudza allergenic mapuroteni, uye zvakanyanya sero allergenic mapuroteni. Chikwata cheChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences chakaona kuti fungus-chitosan hybrid yekubvisa nzira inogona kudzora kutsauswa kwemamorekuru mukati me ± 5%, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchinja kwemwaka mune zvemugungwa.

•Ndezvipi ZvakanakiraChitosan ?

Iko kukwikwidza kwakanyanya kwechitosan kunobva kune emahara amino uye hydroxyl mapoka pane ayo mamorekuru cheni, achigadzira yakasarudzika "molecular toolbox":

Intelligent Kupindura:amino protonation inobvumira chitosan kunyungudika munzvimbo ine acidic, ichiwana pH-inodzorwa kusunungurwa (sekuburitswa kweiyo anticancer drug doxorubicin papH 5.0 mune bundu microenvironment i7.3 nguva yenzvimbo yemuviri);

Biological Adhesion:kubhadharisa kwakanaka kunobatanidza nechaji isina kunaka yemucosa kuti irebe nguva yekuchengetedza yezvinodhaka mumuromo wemuromo uye mudumbu, uye mucosal adhesion inowedzera ne3 nguva mushure mekugadzirisa thiolation;

Ecological Synergy:Chitosan inogona kuderedzwa zvachose ne lysozyme (yakakwira deacetylation sampu inorasikirwa ne78% uremu mumaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri), uye zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinotora chikamu muvhu kabhoni uye nitrogen kutenderera.

Iyo Antibacterial Mechanism Inonyanya Kuzivikanwa:low molecular weight chitosan inoparadza kutendeseka kwebhakitiriya membranes, uye dhayamita yenzvimbo yekudzivirira yeEscherichia coli uye Staphylococcus aureus ndeye 13.5mm; simba rayo reantioxidant rinogonawo kudzikamisa iyo reactive oxygen inogadzirwa nepesticide stress, ichideredza malondialdehyde yespinachi inobatwa ne chlorpyrifos ne 40%.

•Chii ChinoshandiswaChitosan?

1. Biomedicine: Kubva Sutures Kuenda Mrna Vaccine Guardians

Intelligent delivery system: Kubudirira kwekufambisa kweCS / pDNA nanocomplex ndeye 2 mirairo yehukuru hwepamusoro kupfuura iyo ye liposomes, ichiva chido chitsva chevasina-viral gene carriers;

Kugadziriswa kwemaronda: Ganoderma lucidum chitosan-glucan composite gel inopfupisa nguva yekubatanidza ne50%, uye katatu-dimensional porous structure inokurumidza kuvandudzwa kwegranulation tissue;

Vaccine kugadzikana: Chitosan yakaoma-yakaomeswa inodzivirira inodzivirira inoita kuti chiitiko chekuchengetedza chekudzivirira chemRNA chipfuure 90% patembiricha yekamuri, kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutakura kwechando chetani.

2. Green Agriculture: The Ecological Key Kuderedza Kushandisa Fetereza

Chitosan-coated controlled-release fetiraiza (CRFs) inowedzera kushanda nesimba kuburikidza nemaitiro matatu:

Kuburitswa kwakanangwa: Graphene oxide/chitosan nanofilms inoramba ichiburitsa nitrogen kwemazuva makumi matanhatu muvhu rine acidic, uye chiyero chekushandisa chakakwira ne40% kupfuura chesarufa-yakavharwa urea;

Crop stress resistance: Kukurudzira zvirimwa kugadzira chitinase, goho rematomatisi rinowedzera ne22%, uku richideredza chiyero chekugadzirwa kweO₂⁻;

Kunatsiridza ivhu: Wedzera organic zvinhu zvirimo neka1.8, wedzera actinomycete nharaunda nekatatu, uye kusvibisa zvachose mukati memazuva makumi matanhatu pasina chasara.

3. Chikafu Packaging: The Preservation Revolution Of Insect Protein Composite Film

Chikwata chekuvandudza cheChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences chakabatanidzwachitosanneprotein yehupfu uye yakatakura propolis ethanol inobvisa:

Mechanical properties: kusimba kwesimba kwakawedzera ne200%, uye mvura vapor barriers yakasvika 90% yepetroleum-based films;

Antibacterial chiitiko: iyo antibacterial rate ye sitirobheri spoilage mabhakitiriya yakapfuura 99%, hupenyu hwesherufu hwakawedzerwa kusvika kumazuva gumi nemana, uye chiyero chebiodegradation chaive 100%.

4. Textile Printing uye Dyeing: A Natural Solution For Antistatic Polyester

Kuburikidza nekurapa kwekudzikisa alkali, makomba uye mapoka e-carboxyl anoumbwa panzvimbo yepolyester. Mushure mokunge chitosan yakabatanidzwa ne tartaric acid:

Permanent antistatic: iyo resistivity yakaderedzwa kubva 10¹²Ω kusvika 10⁴Ω, uye kunyorova kunoramba kuri pa6.56% mushure mekugezwa makumi matatu;

Heavy metal adsorption: Cu²⁰ chelation kunyatsoshanda mukudhinda nekudhaya tsvina yemvura i>90%, uye mutengo i1/3 yesynthetic resin.

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