Chitosan: Ubwino, Ntchito ndi Zina

•Kodi Ndi Chiyani Chitosan?

Chitosan(CS) ndi polysaccharide yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri m'chilengedwe, yochokera ku zipolopolo za nkhanu monga shrimp ndi nkhanu. Zopangira zake zopangira chitin zimafikira 27% ya zinyalala za shrimp ndi nkhanu, ndipo zotulutsa padziko lonse lapansi zimaposa matani 13 miliyoni. Traditional m'zigawo kumafuna njira zitatu: asidi leaching decalcification (kusungunuka kashiamu carbonate), zamchere otentha kuchotsa mapuloteni, ndi 40-50% anaikira zamchere deacetylation, ndipo potsiriza amapeza woyera olimba ndi deacetylation digiri oposa 70%.

Zopambana m'zaka zaposachedwa ndi chitukuko cha fungal chitosan: chitosan yotengedwa bowa monga Ganoderma lucidum ndi enzymatic njira ali deacetylation digiri oposa 85%, molecular kulemera kwa 1/3 okha kuchokera shirimpu ndi nkhanu (za 8-66kDa), ndipo alibe allergenic mapuloteni, ndi kwambiri allergenic mapuloteni. Gulu la Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences linatsimikizira kuti njira yochotsera ma fungus-chitosan hybrid m'zigawo ingathe kuwongolera kupotoka kwa maselo mkati mwa ± 5%, kuthetsa vuto la kusinthasintha kwa nyengo kwa zipangizo zam'madzi.

• Ubwino Wake Ndi ChiyaniChitosan ?

Mpikisano waukulu wa chitosan umachokera ku magulu aulere a amino ndi hydroxyl omwe ali pamamolekyu ake, kupanga "bokosi la zida" lapadera:

Kuyankha Mwanzeru:amino protonation amalola chitosan kusungunuka m'malo acidic, kukwaniritsa pH-olamulidwa kumasulidwa (monga kutulutsa mphamvu ya anticancer mankhwala doxorubicin pa pH 5.0 mu chotupa microenvironment ndi 7.3 nthawi ya chilengedwe chilengedwe);

Biological Adhesion:zabwino mlandu Chili ndi zoipa mlandu wa mucosa kutalikitsa posungira nthawi ya mankhwala patsekeke m`kamwa ndi m`mimba thirakiti, ndi mucosal adhesion ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 3 zina pambuyo thiolation kusinthidwa;

Ecological Synergy:Chitosan akhoza kuonongeka kotheratu ndi lysozyme (high deacetylation chitsanzo amataya kulemera 78% mu maola 72), ndi kuwonongeka mankhwala nawo mu nthaka mpweya ndi nayitrogeni mkombero.

Antibacterial Mechanism Ndi Yodziwika Kwambiri:otsika maselo kulemera chitosan kuwononga kukhulupirika kwa nembanemba bakiteriya, ndi awiri a zone chopinga kwa Escherichia coli ndi Staphylococcus aureus ndi 13.5mm; mphamvu yake ya antioxidant imathanso kusokoneza mpweya wokhazikika wopangidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa malondialdehyde omwe ali mu sipinachi yopangidwa ndi chlorpyrifos ndi 40%.

•Kodi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndi Chiyani?Chitosan?

1. Biomedicine: Kuchokera ku Sutures kupita kwa Mrna Vaccine Guardian

Dongosolo loperekera mwanzeru: Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa CS/pDNA nanocomplex ndi madongosolo a 2 apamwamba kuposa a liposomes, kukhala chokondedwa chatsopano cha onyamula ma jini omwe alibe ma virus;

Kukonza mabala: Ganoderma lucidum chitosan-glucan gel osakaniza amafupikitsa nthawi ya coagulation ndi 50%, ndipo mawonekedwe a porous atatu-dimensional amafulumizitsa kusinthika kwa minofu ya granulation;

Kukhazikika kwa katemera: Chitosan chowumitsidwa ndi chitetezo chowumitsidwa chimapangitsa kuti katemera wa mRNA asungidwe kupitirira 90% pa kutentha kwa chipinda, kuthetsa vuto la kayendedwe kozizira.

2. Green Agriculture: Chinsinsi cha Zachilengedwe Pochepetsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Feteleza

ChitosanFeteleza opangidwa ndi coated controlled-release (CRFs) amawonjezera mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu:

Kutulutsa koyembekezeka: Graphene oxide/chitosan nanofilms mosalekeza kutulutsa nayitrogeni kwa masiku 60 m'nthaka ya acidic, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ndi 40% kuposa urea wokutidwa ndi sulfure;

Kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu: Kupangitsa kuti mbewu zipange chitinase, zokolola za phwetekere zidakwera ndi 22%, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa O₂⁻;

Kuwongolera dothi: Wonjezerani zinthu za organic ndi nthawi 1.8, onjezerani madera a actinomycete katatu, ndikuwonongatu mkati mwa masiku 60 osatsalira.

3. Kupaka Chakudya: The Preservation Revolution Of Insect Protein Composite Film

Gulu lopanga zatsopano la Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences pamodzichitosanndi mapuloteni a nyongolotsi za chakudya ndi phula lodzaza ndi ethanol:

Mphamvu zamakina: kulimba kwamphamvu kumawonjezeka ndi 200%, ndipo chotchinga cha nthunzi chamadzi chinafika 90% yamafilimu opangidwa ndi petroleum;

Zochita za antibacterial: kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya owononga sitiroberi kupitilira 99%, nthawi ya alumali idakulitsidwa mpaka masiku 14, ndipo kuchuluka kwa biodegradation kunali 100%.

4. Kusindikiza Nsalu Ndi Kudaya: Njira Yachilengedwe Kwa Antistatic Polyester

Kupyolera mu chithandizo chochepetsera alkali, maenje ndi magulu a carboxyl amapangidwa pamtunda wa polyester. Pambuyo pa chitosan cholumikizidwa ndi tartaric acid:

Antistatic kosatha: kupirira kumachepetsedwa kuchokera ku 10¹²Ω kufika ku 10⁴Ω, ndipo kuyambiranso kwa chinyezi kumakhalabe pa 6.56% pambuyo potsuka 30;

Heavy metal adsorption: Cu²⁰ chelation mphamvu pa kusindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oipa ndi> 90%, ndipo mtengo wake ndi 1/3 ya utomoni kupanga.

•Zatsopano Zopereka Zabwino KwambiriChitosanUfa