Ivermectin: Ọgwụ antiparasitic ọhụrụ

●Gịnị bụ Ivermectin?

Ivermectin bụ ọgwụ nje macrolide nke ọkara sịntetik sitere na gbaa ụka na sachaa Streptomyces avermitilis. Ọ kachasị nwere ihe abụọ: B1a (≥80%) na B1b (≤20%). Usoro ihe omimi ya bụ C48H74O14, ịdị arọ molekụla bụ 875.09, yana nọmba CAS bụ 70288-86-7.

N'afọ 2015, ndị nchọpụta William C. Campbell na Satoshi Omura nwetara ihe nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ nkà mmụta ọgwụ maka ntinye aka ha na-aga n'ihu n'ọgụ megide ìsì osimiri na elephantiasis.

Njirimara anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ

Njirimara: ọcha ma ọ bụ ìhè odo crystalline ntụ ntụ, enweghị isi;

Solubility: mfe soluble na organic solvents dị ka methanol, ethanol, acetone, na fọrọ nke nta insoluble na mmiri (soluble bụ banyere 4μg / mL);

Nkwụsi ike: adịghị mfe ire ere na ụlọ okpomọkụ, ma ọ dị mfe imebi ìhè, ọ dị mkpa ka edobe ya na ebe a na-ekpuchi ọkụ na ọkụ, na nchekwa ogologo oge na-achọ ebe okpomọkụ dị ala nke 2-8 ℃;

●Kedu ihe bụUruNke Ivermectin ?

Ivermectin na-awakpo sistemu ụjọ parasaiti kpọmkwem site na ụzọ abụọ:

1. Na-akwalite ntọhapụ nke inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) iji gbochie nnyefe mgbaàmà akwara;

2. Mepee ọwa ion chloride glutamate-gated iji kpalite hyperpolarization na ahụ mkpọnwụ nke akwara parasaịt.

Ịrụ ọrụ ya n'igbu nematodes (dị ka roundworms na hookworms) na arthropods (dị ka àjà, akọrọ, na ngịka) ruru 94%-100%, mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ megide tapeworms na flukes.

●Kedu ihe bụNgwaOf Ivermectin?

1. Ubi anụmanụ (ezigbo usoro onunu ogwu dị iche)

Ehi/atụrụ: 0.2mg/kg (ngwunye subcutaneous ma ọ bụ nchịkwa ọnụ), nwere ike iwepụ nematodes eriri afọ, filaria ngụgụ na scabies n'elu ahụ;

Ezi: 0.3mg / kg (intramuscular injections), ọnụ ọgụgụ nchịkwa nke roundworms na scabies fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100%;

Nkịta na nwamba: 6-12μg / kg iji gbochie na ịgwọ ọrịa obi, 200μg / kg igbu egbu ntị;

Anụ anụ ọkụkọ: 200-300μg/kg (nchịkwa ọnụ) dị irè megide anụ ọkụkọ na ikpere ikpere.

2. Ọgwụgwọ ahụike mmadụ

Ivermectinbụ ọgwụ bụ isi nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka:

Onchocerciasis (nkpu ìsì osimiri): 0.15-0.2mg/kg otu dose, ọnụ ọgụgụ mkpochapụ microfilariae karịrị 90%;

Stregostrongyloidiasis: 0.2mg/kg otu dose;

Ascaris na ọrịa whipworm: 0.05-0.4mg / kg ọgwụgwọ obere oge.

3. Agricultural pesticides

Dị ka ọgwụ pesticide bio-source, a na-eji ya chịkwaa àjà osisi, nla diamondback, ndị na-egwupụta akwụkwọ, wdg, ma nwee àgwà ndị fọdụrụ dị ala.

●Nchekwa na ihe ịma aka

Ivermectindịtụ mma maka mammals (ọ siri ike ịbanye na mgbochi ụbụrụ ọbara), mana a ka nwere contraindications:

Mmeghachi omume ọjọọ: mgbe ụfọdụ isi ọwụwa, ọkụ ọkụ, mmụba na-adịte aka na enzymes imeju, na nnukwu doses nwere ike ime ka ataxia;

Ụdị mmetụta uche dị iche iche: Nkịta ndị ọzụzụ atụrụ na ụdị nkịta ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịnweta neurotoxicity siri ike;

Nsi na-egbu nwa: Nnwale anụmanụ na-egosi na oke doses nwere ihe ize ndụ nke teratogenicity (ụbụrụ ọnụ, nrụrụ nrụrụ).

Nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke iguzogide nje nje na-akawanye njọ. Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2024 gosiri na nchikota ivermectin na albendazole nwere ike imeziwanye irè megide filariasis. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ọgwụ na gburugburu ụwa na-akwalite nkwalite teknụzụ ọgwụ akụrụngwa, na ịdị ọcha eruola 99%.

● Ọhụụ ọhụrụ na-eweta ogo dị eluIvermectinNtụ ntụ