ʻO Chitosan: Nā pōmaikaʻi, nā noi a me nā mea hou aku

•He aha ia Kitosan?

Kitosan(CS) ʻo ia ka lua o ka polysaccharide kūlohelohe nui loa ma ke ʻano, i lawe ʻia mai nā pūpū o nā crustaceans e like me ka ʻōpae a me ka pāpaʻi. ʻO kāna kumu kumu kumu chitin a hiki i ka 27% o ka ʻōpae a me ka ʻōpala hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka pāpaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopuka makahiki honua ma mua o 13 miliona tons. Pono ka unuhi ku'una i 'ekolu ka'ina hana: ka waika leaching decalcification (dissolving calcium carbonate), alkaline paila no ka wehe 'ana i ka protein, a me 40-50% concentrated alkali deacetylation, a ma ka hope loa'a i ka pa'a ke'oke'o me ka deacetylation degree o ka oi ma mua o 70%.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka chitosan fungal: ʻo ka chitosan i lawe ʻia mai nā fungi e like me Ganoderma lucidum ma ke ʻano enzymatic he deacetylation deacetylation o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 85%, he 1/3 o ke kaumaha o ka molekala wale nō mai ka ʻōpae a me ka pāpaʻi (ma kahi o 8-66kDa), ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā protein allergenic, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā cell. Ua hōʻoia ka hui o ka Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science e hiki i ka fungus-chitosan hybrid extraction method ke hoʻomalu i ka molecular weight deviation i loko o ± 5%, e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wā i nā mea waiwai kai.

•He aha nā pono oKitosan ?

ʻO ka hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi o ka chitosan mai nā pūʻulu amino a me hydroxyl manuahi ma kāna kaulahao mole, e hana ana i kahi "molecular toolbox":

Pane naʻauao:ʻO ka protonation amino e hiki ai i ka chitosan ke hoʻoheheʻe i loko o kahi kaiapuni acidic, e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka pH-controlled (e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka lāʻau anticancer doxorubicin ma ka pH 5.0 i ka microenvironment tumor he 7.3 mau manawa o ke kaiapuni physiological);

Pilikino olaola:ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi e hui pū me ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole o ka mucosa e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa paʻa o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loko o ka waha waha a me ka gastrointestinal tract, a hoʻonui ʻia ka adhesion mucosal e 3 mau manawa ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o thiolation;

ʻEkolo Hoʻohui:Hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻo Chitosan e ka lysozyme (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka deacetylation sample i ka 78% kaumaha i loko o 72 mau hola), a komo nā huahana degradation i ke kalapona lepo a me ka pōʻai nitrogen.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻenehana Antibacterial:ʻO ka chitosan kaumaha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻopau i ka pono o nā membrane bacteria, a ʻo ke anawaena o ka inhibition zone no Escherichia coli a me Staphylococcus aureus he 13.5mm; Hiki i kona mana antioxidant ke hoʻopau i ka oxygen reactive i hana ʻia e ka pesticide stress, e hōʻemi ana i ka malondialdehyde maʻiʻo o ka spinach i mālama ʻia me chlorpyrifos e 40%.

•He aha ka hoohana anaKitosan?

1. Biomedicine: Mai na Sutures a i na Kiai Vaccine Mrna

Pūnaehana hāʻawi naʻauao: ʻO ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana o CS / pDNA nanocomplex he 2 mau kauoha o ka nui ma mua o nā liposomes, lilo i mea punahele hou i nā mea lawe gene non-viral;

Hoʻoponopono i ka ʻeha: Ganoderma lucidum chitosan-glucan composite gel ka pōkole i ka manawa coagulation e 50%, a ʻo ke ʻano porous ʻekolu-dimensional e hoʻolalelale i ka hana hou ʻana o ka ʻiʻo granulation;

ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi: ʻO ka lāʻau pale maloʻo maloʻo ʻo Chitosan e hana i ka nui o ka mālama ʻana o ka maʻi mRNA ma mua o 90% ma ka lumi wela, e hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka lawe ʻana i ke kaulahao anu.

2. ʻO ka mahiʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo: ʻo ke kī kūlohelohe e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Fertilizer

Kitosan- hoʻonui nā mea kanu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i hoʻokuʻu ʻia (CRFs) i ka pono ma o nā hana ʻekolu:

Hoʻokuʻu ʻia: Hoʻokuʻu mau nā nanofilms Graphene oxide/chitosan i ka nitrogen no 60 mau lā ma ka lepo ʻakika, a ʻo 40% ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o ka urea i uhi ʻia i ka sulfur;

ʻO ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi o nā mea kanu: Hoʻoulu i nā mea kanu e synthesize chitinase, hoʻonui ʻia ka hua ʻōmato e 22%, ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i ka nui o ka hana O₂⁻;

Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka lepo: E hoʻonui i ka maʻiʻo organik i 1.8 manawa, e hoʻonui i nā kaiāulu actinomycete i 3 mau manawa, a e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i loko o 60 mau lā me ke koena.

3. Food Packaging: The Preservation Revolution of Insect Protein Composite Film

Ua hui pū ka hui hou o ka Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencekitosanme mealworm protein a me ka propolis ethanol extract:

Nā waiwai mīkini: hoʻonui ʻia ka ikaika tensile e 200%, a hiki i ka pale mahu wai i ka 90% o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ka aila;

ʻO ka hana antibacterial: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka antibacterial o ka bacteria spoilage strawberry ma mua o 99%, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke ola o ka papa i 14 mau lā, a ʻo ka biodegradation rate he 100%.

4. Ka Paʻi Textile A me ka Hoʻoluʻu: He Hoʻoponopono Kūlohelohe No ka Polyester Antistatic

Ma o ka ho'ēmi ʻana o ka alkali, hoʻokumu ʻia nā lua a me nā hui carboxyl ma ka ʻili polyester. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ka chitosan me ka waika tartaric:

Antistatic mau: ua hoʻemi ʻia ka resistivity mai 10¹²Ω a i 10⁴Ω, a e mau ana ka makū ma 6.56% ma hope o 30 holoi;

ʻO ka adsorption metala kaumaha: Cu²⁰ ka maikaʻi o ka chelation i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino he> 90%, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai ʻo 1/3 o ka resin synthetic.

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